(VF)Au début du 20e siècle, L'air Liquide est une jeune entreprise française créée pour appliquer à l'échelle industrielle les découvertes de la chimie minérale : la liquéfaction de l'air. Les différentes étapes du financement de cette "start-up" ou "société en germe de...

We investigate the development of an innovative and high-risk type of borrowing for local governments, known as structured loans. Using transaction data for more than 2,700 local governments in France, we show that the adoption of these instruments is more frequent for politicians from highly...

English Abstract: Following the COP21 Summit, we've reached a point in economic history where real change can be expected – even if policy makers are unable or unwilling to curb the activities of oil companies in the United States… It's likely oil companies won't be in a position to reverse...

The transformations of the finance sector linked to the emergence of new actors (pension funds, mutual funds, hedge funds…) and its globalization have changed the rules of corporate governance and the competitive context of industrial companies. The theme of the influence between finance and...

The objective of this paper is to provide a complete framework to aggregate different quantile and expectile models for obtaining more diversified Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall measures, by applying the diversification principle to model risk. Following Taylor (2008) and Gouriéroux and...