سرزمین پاکستان خدادا نعمتوں سے مالا مال خطہ ہے ۔ جس طرح اللہ تعالی نے اس ملک کو بے شمار دیگر نعمتوں سے نوازا ہے اسی طرح وافر مقدار میں پانی بھی یہاں موجود ہے۔ ہوا کے...

The Hungarian Personal Income Tax system is being transformed between 209 and 2013. Tax brackets and the previously existing tax credit is being abolished and this changes the net/gross income ratios in all income categories. This does not only lead to a significant loss in government's income,...

It is a highly disputed question in the literature how state subsidy influences the behavior of the entrepreneurs and accordingly the growth prospects of the economy. Most authors agree that state intervention in financing deteriorates the incentives of the entrepreneur, but there is no...

In this paper we investigate the relationship between sustainability and economic growth starting from Stern (2006) which is the first comprehensive analysis of the global warming from economic point of view. We also discuss the critical debate of this study which was focused mainly on the...

Belgium is characterised by a comparatively high tax wedge. Starting from the end of the 90's there has been a growing concern over the effect of high labour costs on the employment of low skilled workers. One of the most innovative measures implemented by the federal government is the targeted...

What drives extreme economic events? Motivated by recent theory, and events in US subprime markets, we begin to open the black box of extremes. Specifically, we extend standard economic analysis of extreme risk, allowing for dynamics and endogeneity. We explain how endogenous extremes may arise...

This paper illustrates the use of real options principles to value prototypical resource and industryinvestment projects. It captures important competitive/strategic dimensions in a step-by-stepanalysis of investment decisions (options) under uncertainty. It compares and contrasts...

What drives extreme and rare economic events? Motivated by recent theory, and events in US subprime markets, we begin to open the black box of extremes. Specifically, we build a taxonomy of extremes, then extend standard economic analysis of extreme risk. First, we model the potentially relevant...

This article responds to growing interest in carbon emissions trading to reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. It identifies the objectives and performance criteria of a price mechanism to regulate global emissions, and then compares the two most commonly proposed...

Conventional theories about compensation to losers posit that assistance to groups adversely affected by entrepreneurial politics remains static within regimes and across sectors. In contrast, this paper hypothesizes that assistance to those adversely affected by policies depends on...