This paper presents four case-studies of economies with developed regional policies; the European Union, Spain, Italy and Brazil. These cases have been chosen due to their relevance when studying regional problems in Colombia. Regional policy has performed relatively poorly in all cases since...

The environmental Kuznets curve theory suggests that economic growth may reduce environmental problems. In this article, we analyze the changes in environmentally damaging emissions to air in Norway from 1980 to 1996. In order to reveal the factors which decrease the emissions per produced unit,...