Over the past two decades, an enormous amount of work has been done to improve the Expected Utility model. Two areas have attracted major attention: the possibility of describing unforeseen contingencies and the need to accomodate the kind of behavior ref

Elias Khalil's "Information, Knowledge and the Close of Friedrich Hayek's System," argues that an internal contradiction exists within Hayek's political economy relating to his use of information and knowledge. As a result, Khalil argues that neither Hayek's critique of planning nor his defense...