Basic Competencies" (NABC), focusing on disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged children. The instrumental variable estimates of … children who start school at the age of six. This benefit is substantially larger for disadvantaged children than their non …-disadvantaged counterparts. However, the benefit of later enrolment diminishes as children – both disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged - progress …

per cent of the children are in school, three quarters on the continuous track in 12th grade. The corresponding figures … for Roma children are only 60 and 40 per cent, respectively. Drop-outs and grade retentions are especially frequent in … secondary school career, but the relation is different among the children of Roma and uneducated families, indicating the …