We estimate the private (individual) and social return to schooling in Italy and its macro regions. Our estimates take … into account the effects of schooling on employment and wages, as well as the key features of the Italian tax and social … security system. We find that the individual return to schooling compares favourably with the return to financial assets …

Previous estimates of Italian returns to schooling suggest that female returns are higher than male returns (Lucifora …, and schooling measurements. …