The aim of this paper is to explain the economic causes and consequences of the sharp decline in Italy’s fertility rate …-earner family in order to pass the threshold for a decent standard of living, especially when there are children. The main … consequence of the decline in fertility in Italy has been a dramatic increase in the proportion of elderly dependent members of …

simple “least-squares estimation/multivariate normal simulation” procedure produces an efficient parameters estimator. There …-interpretation of the estimation/simulation problem. The computational procedure is obtained introducing a simple modification into …