D. Patinkin and R.W. Clower belong to the first criticists of the model IS-LM, and they have revealed its theoretical weaknesses. It was in the half of the sixties of the 20 century, i. e. at the time when there was nobody to make the effectiveness of the Keynes's policies dubious. These...

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the degree of competition of consumer loan industry in Japan utilizing responses to a questionnaire survey conducted by Japan Consumer Finance Association. Estimating the cost function, we found that the industry is characterized by large scale economies....