that this basic pension reform would decrease benefits to individuals because of the additional charges. …This paper examines pension premiums and a consumption tax as ways to finance basic pensions. The union wage model … increase in premiums for labor wages actually leads to increased unemployment rates. Furthermore, I argue that by decreasing …

Using the Survey of Company Fringe Benefits provided by the Life Insurance Culture Centre in 2002 (Social Science Japan … data archive), this study provides corrected estimates for endogeneity attributed to family-friendly policies on wages. The … results indicate that the policies related to childcare and care for the elderly have a negative impact on wages when they are …