Recent development in behavioral decision theory reveals the important role of decision environment in the consumer's evaluation and choice processes. Often it is referred as "decision framing." Of particular interest is the online shopping environment, where buyers are usually forced to make...

This is a study to develop and solve numerical models based on Itoh’s (2003, Ch. 1) “Parts Supply Problems” for better understanding the contract theory. In the first part of this paper, by following Itoh (2003) we investigate 2- and 3-agent type cases; in the succeeding part, by using...