Accountability for investment of public funds is required and it is necessary to explain the social contribution or social return of research based on evidence. In case of life sciences R&D, we consider that the innovation in the medical treatment (drug discovery) is its goal, which will...

This paper examines whether IT (information technology) management enhances the effects of IT investments. Our empirical analyses are based on the unique survey data. Main findings are as follows. Firms with IT management have higher effects of IT investments. The result holds when the indexes...

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the degree of competition of consumer loan industry in Japan utilizing responses to a questionnaire survey conducted by Japan Consumer Finance Association. Estimating the cost function, we found that the industry is characterized by large scale economies....