This paper examines pension premiums and a consumption tax as ways to finance basic pensions. The union wage model suggests that labor wage taxation increases the rate of unemployment. Using the right-to-manage model, it becomes clear that an increase in premiums for labor wages actually leads...

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All the social insurance systems in Japan have faced number of difficulties in recent years mainly because, on the one hand both aging and number of children declining had accelerated and on the other hand Japan experienced stagnated economy after 1990. Among them the public pension system...

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Recently, as low birth rates and the aging of society have intensified, considerable analysis is being conducted using overlapping generations models with endogenous birth rates. However, most previous studies have assumed full employment. Since it is the case that unemployment does exist in...

Research was conducted concerning the effects of child support. Many earlier studies have assumed full employment. However, in the real economy, there is unemployment. The relation between the number of children in the economy and unemployment was investigated. The overlapping generation model...