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This paper examines how the corporate governance of the Japanese cotton spinning enterprise was formed in 20th century beginning. The establishment of the corporate governance which makes long-term growth possible has been thought to be reached by the rise of the professional manager who pursued...

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Birmingham Assay Office was established in 1773 by Toy manufacturers producting plated goods like Matthew Boulton. Main products of Birmingham were plated by gilt technique, so it was not easy to get credit for their products as growing area. Assay office had to be needed not only for the...