This paper explores the mutual reference behavior of local governments in Japan. The Japanese public education system was decentralized in the previous decade. For example, actual fixed number of classes was relaxed in 2001 and 2003. This relaxation of regulations caused an increase in the...

Under the current fiscal conditions in many local, regional as well as the national government, the public schools face the substantial budget short falls . In order to alleviate the substantial budget shortage, it is important to raise efficiency, particularly in primary education as the costs...

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Recently, as low birth rates and the aging of society have intensified, considerable analysis is being conducted using overlapping generations models with endogenous birth rates. However, most previous studies have assumed full employment. Since it is the case that unemployment does exist in...

Research was conducted concerning the effects of child support. Many earlier studies have assumed full employment. However, in the real economy, there is unemployment. The relation between the number of children in the economy and unemployment was investigated. The overlapping generation model...