Accountability for investment of public funds is required and it is necessary to explain the social contribution or social return of research based on evidence. In case of life sciences R&D, we consider that the innovation in the medical treatment (drug discovery) is its goal, which will...

We investigate a cash-out scheme for Tokyo Electric Power Company's (TEPCO) reparation for the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Station accident in the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011. The scheme enables TEPCO to continue its service as a private company. As its balance sheets...