The term financial crisis is applied broadly to a variety of situations in which some financial institutions or assets suddenly lose a large part of their value.In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many financial crises were associated with banking panics, and many recessions coincided with...

The purpose of this lecture is to look beyond the complex events that characterize the global financial and economic crisis, identify the basic mechanisms, and infer the policies needed to resolve the current crisis, as well as the policies needed to reduce the probability of similar events in...

This paper evaluates the potential role of mandatory subordinated debt (MSD) in enhancing market discipline in emerging markets. The conceptual merits and key preconditions of MSD are first reviewed. Then, the extent to which emerging markets satisfy these preconditions—among them the...

This paper assesses the status of financial development in Emerging Europe, analyzes the factors that have shaped it, and discusses policy priorities. Financial development has progressed to varying degrees across the region. Macroeconomic stability and institutional quality have been important...

Staff Discussion Notes showcase the latest policy-related analysis and research being developed by individual IMF staff and are published to elicit comment and to further debate. These papers are generally brief and written in nontechnical language, and so are aimed at a broad audience...

Emerging market policy makers have been concerned about the financial stability implications of financial globalization. These concerns are focused on behavior under stressed conditions. Do tail events in the home country trigger off extreme responses by foreign investors – are foreign...

To what extent was the Great Financial Crisis of 2007-2009 similar to previous crises, and what were the main causes behind it? The purpose of this paper is to explore these questions, presenting the traditional pattern followed by financial crises in the past, a chronology of the recent crisis,...

With the emergence of the global financial and economic crisis, a number of side effects have been felt both in the U.S. and especially within Europe, particularly in the euro area. Among those, it stands out the financial-banking market fragmentation issue, a phenomenon discussed and analysed...

The anatomy of Nigerian financial system is composed of the money and capital markets. Monetary policy is a framework used by the apex bank to regulate the flow of loanable funds in the economy, though the pricing of equity used by private investors to raise capital from the economy is carried...