The risk issue has become lately one of the most important themes in economic life. The risk is an important component of all management activities, whether it is a simple or more complex activity. There is a common opinion of those who study economics that the business risk is a natural thing,...

This paper presents the main costs and benefits of accession to the EMU countries, different transmission mechanisms of monetary policy measures villages as national fiscal policies and the procedures for quantifying the effects of these measures on the real economy. Are costs caused by the...