English Abstract: "If I were to say just one thing about Ukraine, I think I would have to stress it is the most underperforming country of all the countries I know." said Ivan Mikloš, co-founder and president of think-tank MESA10 and a member of the International Advisory Board of National...

English Abstract: The first aim of this paper is to describe the main developments in the Ukrainian economy since its independence in 1991, focusing on the evolution of output, and the path of economic reforms — that is, to simply show what happened. The bottom line on that is well known:...

What determines how trade in a commodity is divided between privately negotiated transactions via "middle men" (dealer/brokers) in a telephone or "dealer market" versus transactions via "market makers" (specialists) at publicly observable bid/ask prices? To address this question, we extend...