At the beginning of the XXI century, human societies are entering a period of "late modernity" characterized by new forms of trust and risk, untransparent social situations and economic, political and cultural globalization. These processes are associated with the presence of abstract systems...

Polish Abstract: Do kluczowych dziedzin bezpieczeństwa państwa zalicza się bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie w ujęciu teoretycznym i praktycznym podstawowych zagadnień bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego Polski z odniesieniem do kontekstu wybranych strategicznych...

English Abstract: The Russian economy is caught in stagnation, but thanks to a skillful macroeconomic policy, the economy has stabilized. The current economic model is dualistic. On the one hand, the so-called systemic liberals are in charge of macroeconomic policy, which they pursue eminently....

English Abstract: Growth in the European Union since the outbreak of the global financial crisis is slower (1) than before the crisis, (2) than the trend would indicate, (3) than forecast and (4) than in the United States. The factors driving its weakness lie more on the supply side than the...

This study attempts to assess the preparations for Portugal to host Euro 2004. The purpose of this action was to compare the preparations for the Polish situation, as a host in 2012. In particular, the author drew attention to the potential benefits and costs associated with staging such a big...

Poland’s accession to the European Union impacted Polish international trade exchange significantly. Spreading common European principles, mainly the freedom of movement for goods as well as Common Customs Tariff (CCT), over Poland, contributed to annulment of tariff as well as quasi-tariff...

This article presents the barriers hindering the expansion of the Polish e-shops on the foreign markets. This part focuses on issues related to discrepancies between provisions regulating the internet sales in different countries and logistics barriers in international trade. It concentrates...

The objective of the paper is to present the impact of globalization conditions on trade flows between states. These determinants were considered as alternative factors for the physical distance between countries in the gravity model performed by Tinbergen (1962). In the traditional gravity...