This text examines the distributive effects of fiscal policy in Brazil by considering it according to gender and race criteria. Based on the Brazilian Consumer Expenditure Survey (POF) of 2017/2018, we assess how cash transfers, indirect taxes and direct taxes impact income by strata among four...

This text examines the distributive effects of fiscal policy in Brazil by considering it according to gender and race criteria. Based on the Brazilian Consumer Expenditure Survey (POF) of 2017/2018, we assess how cash transfers, indirect taxes and direct taxes impact income by strata among four...

This discussion paper presents a comparative analysis of the market structure and charging of the main public services charged, considering some tariff charging parameters raised for each of them. The services considered in the analysis are sanitation, waste, transport, energy and telephony...

The public policies on mass transit and other economic policies have been unable to avoid increasing mass transit costs and urban bus fares, which places a burden on a majority of the population depending on public transit. This study analyzes the variations in urban bus fares and households...