Estimates of the impacts on imports due to trade agreements depend fundamentally on the elasticity of substitution between imports from different foreign suppliers. This paper estimate the elasticity of substitution for Brazilian imports, for 42 sectors of input-output table for 2005,...

High trade costs make it difficult to fully exploit comparative advantages and reduce the level of income. This paper estimates the cost of trade and its main determinants in the period 1995-2015 using information on domestic sales and exports by destination country of the input matrix product...

The literature has been showing that current import tariffs on industrialized products in Brazil are excessively high when compared to countries with similar income per capita. But there's a controversy over the best path to reduce the level of protection, whether through an unilateral tariff...

This study analyses how the set of products Brazil exported to the United States was similar with that of China between 2000 and 2008 and also compares the quality and variety of their exports. Using product-level import data from United States, this study estimates the export similarity,...

This paper describes the process of trade liberalization in the telecommunications industry implemented from the mid-1990s and examines how such a measure, which allowed foreign capital an important role in the control of operators, associated with the privatization program affected the...

This paper analyzes the performance and the specialization pattern of Brazil's exports compared to a selected group in emerging countries - China, South Korea, India, Mexico and Russia - in 1996-2007, based on the sophistication level of exported goods according to the methodology of Hausmann,...

The structure introduced by Armington (1969) has been used to analyze trade policy in partial and general equilibrium models. The Armington elasticities, the degree of substitution between domestic and import goods are known to be important, but are seldom estimated empirically. Therefore, we...