2018 to document how the mid-decade economic recession reversed the trend of pro-poor growth that dated back to the early … 2000s. Since the recession, there was a rise in inequality and poverty levels and aggregate welfare decreased. While … average incomes surged from 2017 to 2018 they were still below their peak in 2014. More than 80% of all income growth between …

trade-offs of benefit designs, estimating costs and impacts on poverty and inequality and assessing operational and … inequality than universal transfers. The hybrid model presents results close to those estimated for the targeted model and has …