Brazil is, today, the largest producer and exporter of sugar in the world, having as main competitors and price makers India and China. In the production of this commodity, there are the sugar mills and ethanol in the State of Sao Paulo. The disposal of the product is mainly done by road...

There is a large consensus among international institutions and national governments to favor urban-containment policies - the compact city - as a way to reduce the ecological footprint of cities. This approach overlooks the following basic trade-off: the concentration of activities decreases...