. --------------------------------------------This study analyzes the causality (precedence) between the prices of the cocoa producers in the State of Pará and the State … of Bahia and the international cocoa as quoted in the New York Exchange Market (CSCE), through the Granger causality test … Market (CSCE). Co-integration tests were used with the objective of identifying the long run relationships that was confirmed …

, besides observing his causality and direction. For so much, they were made the estacionariedade tests, Granger causality and … co-integration. The test of Granger suggests that there is bi-directional relationship among the price series analyzed …, it was also observed the existence of a relationship of long term between variables, it was also verified through the co-integration …

, such as the non-causality and the non-fundamentalness. They are capable of biasing the estimates in any direction or …

, such as the non-causality and the non-fundamentalness. They are capable of biasing the estimates in any direction or …

and suggest a bootstrap approach to calculate error bands. The misalignment estimative is based on cointegration …

live cattle, evidencesof co-integration on contracts with maturity month on March, April,September, October and November of … 2005 were found. As for the BM&Fsoybean future contract, co-integration was detected for contracts withmaturity at April …, May and November, 2005. Co-integration evidencewas identified for the CBOT soybean future with maturity at January …