The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) came into force in 1995 in the ambit of the World Trade Organization (WTO). TRIPS obliges WTO country members to adopt higher standards of patent protection and, as a consequence, increases the costs of access to...

The first goal of this paper is to present spatial and industry-wide representative new results on organizational change for Brazilian establishments. The results are based on new proposed measures and capture not only incidence of organizational change but also the level of intensity of this...