A consensus has not yet emerged about the relationship between budget deficit, external deficit and national saving. According to mainstream economic literature, the budget deficit can cause an insufficiency of national saving for a given investment rate. In such cases, the investment rate will...

This paper shows estimates of the optimal level of foreign reserves for Brazil between the first quarter of 2004 and the third trimester of 2012, by applying the new Jeanne e Rancière (2011) framework, using different scenarios. The estimates of the optimal holdings of this asset are calculated...

This paper shows estimates of the optimal level of foreign reserves for Brazil between the first quarter of 1998 and the same trimester of 2008, by applying the Jeanne e Ranciére (2006) framework, using different scenarios. We also estimate the fiscal costs of holding this asset, as well as the...

This study aims to examine the theoretical literature concerning exchange-rate and balance-of-payments determination, in order to investigate how an exchange rate change may affect one country's foreign trade flows. Therefore, we analyze the different categories of balance-of-payments models -...

The real exchange rate (RER) can be considered one of the most important relative price of economics, given the influence it exerts on many other prices and variables, and may be overvalued, among other factors, as a symptom of the existence of a Dutch disease process. Thus, seeking to prove...

Estimamos um modelo dinâmico, estocástico, de equilíbrio geral para a economia brasileira, levando em conta explicitamente a transição do sistema de bandas cambiais para o regime de metas para a inflação com câmbio flutuante, ocorrida em 1999. O modelo estimado produz dinâmicas bastante...

The aim of this article is to present a modified kaldorian cumulative causation model in order to discuss the effects of changes in the monetary policy rules and on the degree of openness in capital account over dynamic trajectories of growth rate of GDP, nominal interest rate, nominal and real...

Since the middle of the 80s, Brazil is facing a process of industry participation loss as a percentage in GDP and in the economy total employment. This phenomenon can be characterized as a deindustrialization process. Some elements such as increase in produtitivity, statistical illusion, and...

A consensus has not yet emerged about the relationship between budget deficit, external deficit and national saving. In general, the mechanisms through which budget deficits could cause current account deficits are not highlighted in the works about this theme. Basing on the Post Keynesian...

This paper makes an empirical analysis about the importance of nominal shocks and real disturbances on the Brazilian/USA real exchange rate (TCR) during the period of January of 1999 to December of 2003. Based in the Mundell-Flemming-Obstfeld model and data base obtained from the IPEA, different...