The objectives of this paper are i) to assess the recent changes in the "actuarial factor" and their distributive and financial impacts in the short and long term. The actuarial factor was created in 1999 to adjust the individual benefit level according to age, time of contribution and life...

This study sought to quantify the impact of demographics on the expense of the public pensions as a share (%) of the Gross Domestic Product GDP, by 2060 and 2100, based upon a simplified forecasting model. The results show a strong expansion in expenditures due to the fast and intense process of...

The objectives of this paper are i) to assess the recent changes in the "actuarial factor" and their distributive and financial impacts in the short and long term. The actuarial factor was created in 1999 to adjust the individual benefit level according to age, time of contribution and life...

This study sought to quantify the impact of demographics on the expense of the public pensions as a share (%) of the Gross Domestic Product GDP, by 2060 and 2100, based upon a simplified forecasting model. The results show a strong expansion in expenditures due to the fast and intense process of...

This paper aims to estimate the distributional effects of Social Security, among Brazilian regions, addressing two aspects: transfers between individuals of the same cohort but of different regions, i.e., cross-subsidies to consider the benefits and contributions made over life cycle, and...

This paper starts with a review of the three demographic components, stressing the decline in fertility, with the possibility of reaching below replacement fertility. Studies on new trends in Brazilian out migration are considered relevant for future research. The demography of compositional...

One of the most important social achievements that took place in the second half of XX century in almost all the developing countries was the mortality reduction. This benefited all age groups and brought about a large increase in life expectancy. Also, this has resulted that more and more...

One of the most important social achievements that took place in the second half of XX century in almost all the developing countries was the mortality reduction. This benefited all age groups and brought about a large increase in life expectancy. Also, this has resulted that more and more...