A new state debt cycle occurred mainly through external and contracted credit operations with federal banks from 2008, after a long period with few loans and debt stock fall. It is argued that exogenous macroeconomic factors were essential in the downward trend of the debt in the early 2000s,...

A new state debt cycle occurred mainly through external and contracted credit operations with federal banks from 2008, after a long period with few loans and debt stock fall. It is argued that exogenous macroeconomic factors were essential in the downward trend of the debt in the early 2000s,...

This article is a contribution of the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - Ipea) to the evaluation of the My House My Life Program (Minha Casa Minha Vida - PMCMV) carried out within the scope of the Public Policy Monitoring and Evaluation Council...

The covid-19 pandemic has been devastating for small businesses, being responsible for an abrupt fall in demand, interruption of economic activities, and, in many cases, bankruptcy of numerous enterprises. Data from Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) indicate that, until June...

The covid-19 pandemic has been devastating for small businesses, being responsible for an abrupt fall in demand, interruption of economic activities, and, in many cases, bankruptcy of numerous enterprises. Data from Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) indicate that, until June...

This article is a contribution of the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - Ipea) to the evaluation of the My House My Life Program (Minha Casa Minha Vida - PMCMV) carried out within the scope of the Public Policy Monitoring and Evaluation Council...

This paper attempts to examine the evolution of the financial conditions of Brazilian States ten years after the re-structuring of their financial debt. Re-structuring the financial debt was implemented according to a fiscal adjustment program which established targets to be periodically...

This paper attempts to examine the evolution of the financial conditions of Brazilian States ten years after the re-structuring of their financial debt. Re-structuring the financial debt was implemented according to a fiscal adjustment program which established targets to be periodically...