The present article looks into a general concept of “institution” in accordance with a wide range of economic theories that may be qualified as institutionalist. The orthodox and heterodox institutionalist economic theories are presented from a viewpoint compatible with this general concept,...

This article analyzes the financial equilibrium of the retirement system for public servants in Brazil. After defining the theoretical model, the strategy of analysis consists in the estimate for each public servant in the PNAD-IBGE, the necessary payroll tax to finance the expected benefits. It...