This paper describes changes that occurred in the Brazilian tertiary education system considering information from household surveys and from administrative data collected by the Ministry of Education. A movement toward democratizing access occurred especially in public universities and in the...

This paper describes changes that occurred in the Brazilian tertiary education system considering information from household surveys and from administrative data collected by the Ministry of Education. A movement toward democratizing access occurred especially in public universities and in the...

Income contingent loans (ICLs) are a financial tool that optimizes the transactional efficiencies involved in the government monopoly in taxing personal income. It protects the borrowers against periods of low income, as instalments vary according to fluctuations in their incomes over the...