Romanian Abstract: Funcţia principală a oraşelor, cea de apărare faţă de ameninţările exterioare, a suferit mutaţii diverse în timp, generate de factori politici, economici şi de progres tehnologic. Adaptarea permanentă a sistemelor de apărare atât la diversificarea formelor...

Romanian Abstract: Un fenomen cu un impact puternic asupra pieţelor petroliere internaţionale l-aconstituit declinul sever al preţurilor principalelor ţiţeiuri de referinţă din comerţul internaţional(Brent şi WTI), de la 105,7 $/baril, în iunie 2014, la 36 $/baril, în decembrie...

This survey analyzes two types of models: 1. Models based on assumptions of monetary and financial market equilibrium disturbance in line with mainstream thinking to believe that is self-regulating market, the units would have rational expectations, an the crisis would be a temporary phenomenon...

The turbulences on the international financial markets are rather connected to the downfall of the American mortgage market than to the generalised insolvency of the debtors.

The purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) to examine briefly the history and development of the major methodological controversies in economic science.