În literatura de specialitate, insuficienta abordare a problematicii convergenţei face ca legăturile dintre convergenţa reală şi cea nominală să nu fie identificate corespunzător în vederea conturării unor posibile „drumuri de urmat” pentru ţările doritoare a accede în zona...

The study is based on the critical observations that the competitive market forces alone are not able to assure the convergence with the developed countries. 

The study defines the three types of convergence – institutional, nominal and real ones –, the connection among them and their main measurement indicators. 

This study offers from the beginning a survey about the institutional construction in the pre- and post-adhesion stages to European Economic and Monetary Union, about the exchange rate mechanism applied by the different countries and about convergence criteria.

Romanian Abstract: Funcţia principală a oraşelor, cea de apărare faţă de ameninţările exterioare, a suferit mutaţii diverse în timp, generate de factori politici, economici şi de progres tehnologic. Adaptarea permanentă a sistemelor de apărare atât la diversificarea formelor...

Social contributive insurance systems which are based on the repartition principle between generations are strongly influenced by the demographic evolutions.

Human development and social cohesion are not only important component, but essential premises and powerful drivers of sustainable development also.