Bank failure is the result of a defective management in banking leading the bank to a stage of bankruptcy, which means that the insolvent bank is going to be closed by the banking authority. In general, the banking sector is viewed as more vulnerable to contagion than other industries since...

The paper refers to the impact of the Basel 2 Agreement on the development of small and medium enterprises (SME). There are presented the methods for estimating the rating (standard, basic inter and advanced rating). It is also presented the experience of some countries like Italy, Germany,...