characteristics of the mothers and children, as well as adjusting for a lagged indicator of children's health. Results suggest that … children born to unmarried mothers than children born to married mothers. …An increasing body of literature documents considerable disparities in the health and wellbeing of young children in …

’ relationships with their children’s mothers. Effects on mothers’ parenting, however, are more inconsistent, as recent paternal …, quantitative research tends to consider effects on child wellbeing and generally concludes paternal incarceration harms children … findings by considering the countervailing consequences of paternal incarceration for both fathers’ and mothers’ parenting …

variation in children’s test scores at school entry. …

paternal incarceration, highlighting the kinkeeping role of mothers. Additionally, consequences are concentrated among children … intergenerational relationships, children’s contact with grandparents. Results from both ordinary least squares (OLS) and fixed …-effects regression models show that incarceration decreases the frequency of children’s contact with paternal, but not maternal …