The aim of this paper is to explore the purchasing power parity between the United States and Japan. This is done indirectly by estimating fractional integration orders of the aggregate price series in the two countries and nominal and real exchange rates. Our results suggest that both nominal...

In this study a model framework for the relationship between investment processes and the dynamics of production costs for the period 2005–2009 is developed and tested. Close attention is paid to the dynamics of costs of acquiring raw materials, intermediates, and accessories for production...