Three original microeconomic models of an externality market are described: (1) model of the marketable permits for exhalations emission, (2) model of optimal financial satisfaction of a damage caused by a negative externality in the economy with agents maximizing probability of their survival...

The transformation of the world economy over the past two decades has been manifesting itself in various forms. On the one hand, there is an increasing interdependence of the world economy, which is a manifestation of the depth of the globalization process, mainly thanks to the expansion of...

The efficiency of macroeconomic policies depends on adequate business cycle approximation. Given that potential output and the output gap (the difference between actual and potential output) are not directly observable, their values need to be estimated using alternative statistical, structural,...