Using a large data set for 167 developed countries and emerging and transition economies, the authors estimate probability models (probit and ordered probit) based on available de jure and de facto classifications for 1970–1995 and 1995–1999. They show that economic openness, trade...

Functional Signal plus Noise (FSN) time series models are introduced for the econometric analysis of the dynamics of a large cross-section of prices in which contemporaneous observations are functionally related. A semiparametric FSN model is developed in which a smooth, cubic spline signal...