Russia belongs to the energy superpowers. It is a country rich on raw materials and selfsufficient state that possesses the largest gas reserves, second largest coal reserves and seventh largest oil reserves in the world. Raw materials and energy sources still form so-called backbone of the...

The efficiency of macroeconomic policies depends on adequate business cycle approximation. Given that potential output and the output gap (the difference between actual and potential output) are not directly observable, their values need to be estimated using alternative statistical, structural,...