Many researchers and economists have argued that competitiveness studies conducted by WEF and IMD, show limitations in small-economies, even more when they have different characteristics. The objective of this research is to study the competitiveness of three small-economies: Puerto Rico, Costa...

This document analyzes the effects of recent oil shocks on the economies of Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. The general results are as follows. First, oil demand responded elastically to economic activity, and was almost perfectly inelastic to its...

In theory, the characteristics, values and principles of cooperative enterprises give them great potential in terms of their business and social development. However, in practice we actually find situations that stand in the way of their possibilities; for example, lack of involvement on the...