This paper surveys the empirical literature on the incidence of labour taxation, and Social Security contributions specifically. The goal is to analyse if the fiscal burden is borne by employees, consumers or firms. Despite the consensus in public finance handbooks (where workers are supposed to...

In this paper we build a socio-economic simulation model, called Carrion, to project the public expenditure on the retirement pensions, the social security contributions and the GDP through 2060. The model makes use of detailed hypothesis backed with econometric estimations on the behavior of...

This paper analyzes the evolution of the social security system in Uruguay, from the 19th century to the re-institutionalization of the “Banco de Previsión Social” (BPS) in 1986. It is common to consider that the legislation of retirement began in 1896 with the foundation of the first fund;...

Los sistemas occidentales de pensiones, y especialmente el español, se van a ver notablemente afectados por el proceso de envejecimiento poblacional que se está produciendo. Este artículo propone un modelo de pensiones para España que implica profundas reformas estructurales que garanticen...

We estimate indicators of incentives to retire in a sample of individuals affiliated to the main Uruguayan social security program and we assess their impact on retirement and pension claims observed between 1996 and 2004. The implicit tax on work in this population is high compared to other...

This paper estimates the demand curves faced individually by each pension fund management firm that serves compulsory saving for old age in Chile, in 1993-2002. These firms –Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones, AFP- sell their services by retail methods, contacting each client separately....

Unlike many OECD and Latin American countries, in Uruguay activity rates among male workers have been growing in recent decades. According to several studies, social security egulations have played a significant role in inducing earlier retirement in several OECD countries. We analyze the...

Uno de los objetivos principales de la Ley 100 de 1993 era propender por la ampliación progresiva de cobertura a los segmentos de población no cubiertos con un sistema de pensiones obligatorio. Sin embargo, esa misma reforma estableció que (i) en ningún caso se podrá cotizar con ingresos...

This article examines the political causes of the crisis in the countries bad-called PIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Greece and Spain) that lie in the enormous inequalities of economic and political power that exist in those countries. The situation in Ireland is analyzed with particular interest.

It is usually accepted that a pure NDC scheme is not adequate to protect individuals against the risk of poverty in old age, because it does not incorporate any redistribution of the system`s revenue. However, we show that insufficient coverage and weak social protection can be more seriuos...