There is a growing wave of concern for the embodied carbon in traded goods. One manifestation of that concern is large economies such as the USA and the European Union enacting climate-related trade measures, including border carbon adjustment. This paper reviews more than ten climate-related...

This research begins with the following questions: Is there consistency between the identification of development and the economic structure that is possessed?; are there similarities among economies identified with differences in their levels of development?; and, are there non-developed...