English Abstract: This article maintains that in our second best world, neither corruption nor the informal sector and political instability can be held responsible for the moderate performance of the Ukrainian economy. Corruption in Ukraine appears to act as “grease in the wheels of the...

In the Latin American countries, there exists a paradox that is scarcely noticed: in the last decades, the education expansion has been significant, but the degree of inequality has not changed much. Is education a non equalizing system? This paper intends to resolve the paradox. Sigma theory is...

Many fronts have been eminent along the "cold war" period. They has as main battle pitches those countries and territories fighting for decolonization and independence. This war tendency has grown even more sharpen and intense, after the end of the above mentioned cold war, due to the USSR...

During the 20th century, Marxism and non-egalitarian or classical liberalism debated the properties of economic reasoning, that is, the way economic institutions value multiple ends. This debate produced an implicit consensus between market socialists and non-egalitarian liberals about...