the middle Ages than at the beginning of modern times, and that the height of the Portuguese and Spaniards did not differ … much from that enjoyed by other Europeans in the Age of Enlightenment. At the beginning of industrialization height … been spectacular. Spaniards height grew 13 cm between 1880 and 1980 cohorts while Portuguese height increased 9 cm during …

, consumption, among other indicators. With male height data of military recruitment from the early eighteenth century and several … national surveys on health and height-by-age data from the European Community Panel, biological welfare trends of Europeans in … population stature from the 1850s onwards, after a period of height deterioration with unequal intensity in the majority of …

This paper analyses the standard of living from the New Anthropometric History perspective and compares human height … evolution in France and Spain. Firstly, the importance of the height as an indicator to explore the evolution of the biological … recent boom in Spain. This study presents the secular trend with height data of 19‐ 21 year‐old conscripts, corresponding to …