The aim of this paper is to examine the birth of FEDECÁMARAS (1944) as an expression of an institutional change in Venezuela. FEDECÁMARAS creation was the result of a historical conflict between the state and the private sector between 1936 and 1944. This conflict was generated by two ways of...

The main objective of this paper is to examine the historical importance of both the “Andean cycle” (1899-1945) and the “October cycle” (1945-1948 y 1958-1989) in order to determine the checks and balances between both of them and the new Bolivarian cycle started 1999. The paper contains...