Este trabajo efectúa un análisis de la forma en que los partidos de oposición actúan en las elecciones presidenciales, buscando darles un rol activo. Para ello se construye un modelo con dos niveles de gobierno, uno Nacional y el otro provincial o estadual. Estados Unidos, Argentina, Brasil...

This paper argues that institutionalization is an equilibrium phenomenon and is associated with better policies and better results in terms of economic development. In support of this argument is presented a theoretical model that extends the space of feasible actions for political actors,...

In Bogota reforms in 1991 blocked a market for buying and selling of votes. The patronage lost effectiveness, citizens developed a vote of opinion and the city demonstrated an outstanding performance in the provision of public goods and services. This story is illustrated by a new panel with...