2.2 (a) of the Spanish Competition Act (the national provision parallel with Article 102 (a) TFEU), should be … interpreted in the sense that it relates only to prices with the effect of hindering the maintenance of the degree of competition … still existing in the market or the growth of that competition (exclusionary prices), or, on the contrary, it should also …

authorities exercise fulfilling their competition promotion and advocacy function. The reaction is verified once the regulation or …English Abstract: This paper examines the reaction of the Spanish competition authorities in the face of unjustified … public barriers and restrains to competition. These reactive actions complement the preventive measures that competition …

that incentivize, promote or sponsor them. In other cases competition restraints come directly from administrative action … without legal coverage that distort market functioning. Recent decisions of Spanish Competition Authorities offer several … assesses the treatment given by Spanish Competition Authorities to public powers interventions …

English Abstract: This article examines the activities of promotion and advocacy of the Spanish competition authorities … in the face of unjustified public barriers and restrains to competition, distinguishing between preventive and reactive … tools. The preventive measures are articulated through reports that seek to inspire regulation and administrative action …