Small-Medium Sized Companies(SMEs) are very important in the perspectives of employment, innovation, production and as well as exportation. But as opposed to their importance, they have faced a big problem to finance investments known as financing capabilities. Since it is not easy for them to...

This study has investigated the effect of VIX, created as an implied volatility in the US, on 15 emerging stock markets with the application of GJR-GARCH model. According to the results obtained, the emerging stock markets have leverage effect in conditional variance and emerging bad news...