Corruption is seen in nearly every society since ancient times. However, economic and social costs it caused attracted … more attention especially in the last decade. It is widely agreed upon that, corruption affects economic growth and … development negatively. In the literature, there is almost a consensus about that corruption of the public officers discourages …

Corruption is seen in nearly every society since ancient times. However, economic and social costs it caused attracted … more attention especially in the last decade. It is widely agreed upon that, corruption affects economic growth and … development negatively. In the literature, there is almost a consensus about that corruption of the public officers discourages …

reinforce the principles of transparency and accountability as well as “clean conduct”, since corruption (in its every form …