In this paper the alternative value-at-risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) analysis were made according to different error distribution assumptions by using stock market daily return series of Turkey (ISE100), United Kingdom (FTSE100), Japan (NIKKEI225) and France (CAC40). The backtesting...

This paper uses cluster analysis, a multivariate statistical technique to classify emerging stock markets that have similarities into different groups. A number of key market data such as number listed companies, market capitalization, trading volume, turnover ratio, percentage change in price...