Showing 1 - 8 of 8
Relying on a linear causal thinking, most of the hydrological models fail to incorporate socio-economic characteristics of a watershed with hydrological and environmental attributes. Based on a systems thinking philosophy, the paper aims to adopt an Object-Oriented (OO) approach based on the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010997414
Quick restoration of critical infrastructure systems, such as water, electrical power, natural gas, and transportation systems, are essential for rapid and effective post disaster recovery and reconstruction process. A number of previous studies have assessed vulnerability of infrastructure...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010847283
development of government spending in major sections shapes the political institutions in Iran. This question has become … especially important due to recent international sanctions, aiming to change the political behavior of Iran. We use the impulse … provision spending in Iran. The results imply that a shock in positive changes of democratic quality of institutions leads to …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010732205
development of government spending in major sections shapes the political institutions in Iran. This question has become … especially important due to recent international sanctions, aiming to change the political behavior of Iran. We use the impulse … provision spending in Iran. The results imply that a shock in positive changes of democratic quality of institutions leads to …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010739347
expenditures in Iran as a developing oil export based economy. Moreover, I want to know how oil price (revenue) shocks can affect … evidence for the reverse causality is very weak. Overall the results support the revenue–spending hypothesis for Iran. My …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010781964
'Sustainable development' is a widely used, but less practised, complex term. Using the idea of 'Viability Loops' (VL) based on a System Dynamics (SD) approach and considering sustainability as an ideal for development efforts, this paper argues that sustainable development should be considered...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005225937
In order to explain why successes of economic sanctions predominantly occur in the first two years of a sanction episode, we analyse the dynamic economic and political impact of an economic sanction. Our theoretical analysis of the dynamics of adjustment gives us two important results: firstly,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011134696
'Sustainable development' is a widely used, but less practised, complex term. Using the idea of 'Viability Loops' (VL) based on a System Dynamics (SD) approach and considering sustainability as an ideal for development efforts, this paper argues that sustainable development should be considered...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008563906